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sqlglot.dialects.presto

  1from __future__ import annotations
  2
  3import typing as t
  4
  5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
  6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
  7    Dialect,
  8    NormalizationStrategy,
  9    binary_from_function,
 10    bool_xor_sql,
 11    date_trunc_to_time,
 12    datestrtodate_sql,
 13    encode_decode_sql,
 14    build_formatted_time,
 15    if_sql,
 16    left_to_substring_sql,
 17    no_ilike_sql,
 18    no_pivot_sql,
 19    no_safe_divide_sql,
 20    no_timestamp_sql,
 21    regexp_extract_sql,
 22    rename_func,
 23    right_to_substring_sql,
 24    sha256_sql,
 25    struct_extract_sql,
 26    str_position_sql,
 27    timestamptrunc_sql,
 28    timestrtotime_sql,
 29    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
 30    unit_to_str,
 31)
 32from sqlglot.dialects.hive import Hive
 33from sqlglot.dialects.mysql import MySQL
 34from sqlglot.helper import apply_index_offset, seq_get
 35from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
 36from sqlglot.transforms import unqualify_columns
 37
 38
 39def _explode_to_unnest_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str:
 40    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Explode):
 41        return self.sql(
 42            exp.Join(
 43                this=exp.Unnest(
 44                    expressions=[expression.this.this],
 45                    alias=expression.args.get("alias"),
 46                    offset=isinstance(expression.this, exp.Posexplode),
 47                ),
 48                kind="cross",
 49            )
 50        )
 51    return self.lateral_sql(expression)
 52
 53
 54def _initcap_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Initcap) -> str:
 55    regex = r"(\w)(\w*)"
 56    return f"REGEXP_REPLACE({self.sql(expression, 'this')}, '{regex}', x -> UPPER(x[1]) || LOWER(x[2]))"
 57
 58
 59def _no_sort_array(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.SortArray) -> str:
 60    if expression.args.get("asc") == exp.false():
 61        comparator = "(a, b) -> CASE WHEN a < b THEN 1 WHEN a > b THEN -1 ELSE 0 END"
 62    else:
 63        comparator = None
 64    return self.func("ARRAY_SORT", expression.this, comparator)
 65
 66
 67def _schema_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
 68    if isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Property):
 69        columns = ", ".join(f"'{c.name}'" for c in expression.expressions)
 70        return f"ARRAY[{columns}]"
 71
 72    if expression.parent:
 73        for schema in expression.parent.find_all(exp.Schema):
 74            column_defs = schema.find_all(exp.ColumnDef)
 75            if column_defs and isinstance(schema.parent, exp.Property):
 76                expression.expressions.extend(column_defs)
 77
 78    return self.schema_sql(expression)
 79
 80
 81def _quantile_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Quantile) -> str:
 82    self.unsupported("Presto does not support exact quantiles")
 83    return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
 84
 85
 86def _str_to_time_sql(
 87    self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate | exp.StrToTime | exp.TsOrDsToDate
 88) -> str:
 89    return self.func("DATE_PARSE", expression.this, self.format_time(expression))
 90
 91
 92def _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsToDate) -> str:
 93    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
 94    if time_format and time_format not in (Presto.TIME_FORMAT, Presto.DATE_FORMAT):
 95        return self.sql(exp.cast(_str_to_time_sql(self, expression), exp.DataType.Type.DATE))
 96    return self.sql(
 97        exp.cast(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), exp.DataType.Type.DATE)
 98    )
 99
100
101def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
102    expression = ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression)
103    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
104    return self.func("DATE_ADD", unit, expression.expression, expression.this)
105
106
107def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
108    this = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
109    expr = exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
110    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
111    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", unit, expr, this)
112
113
114def _build_approx_percentile(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
115    if len(args) == 4:
116        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
117            this=seq_get(args, 0),
118            weight=seq_get(args, 1),
119            quantile=seq_get(args, 2),
120            accuracy=seq_get(args, 3),
121        )
122    if len(args) == 3:
123        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
124            this=seq_get(args, 0), quantile=seq_get(args, 1), accuracy=seq_get(args, 2)
125        )
126    return exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list(args)
127
128
129def _build_from_unixtime(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
130    if len(args) == 3:
131        return exp.UnixToTime(
132            this=seq_get(args, 0),
133            hours=seq_get(args, 1),
134            minutes=seq_get(args, 2),
135        )
136    if len(args) == 2:
137        return exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0), zone=seq_get(args, 1))
138
139    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
140
141
142def _unnest_sequence(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
143    if isinstance(expression, exp.Table):
144        if isinstance(expression.this, exp.GenerateSeries):
145            unnest = exp.Unnest(expressions=[expression.this])
146
147            if expression.alias:
148                return exp.alias_(unnest, alias="_u", table=[expression.alias], copy=False)
149            return unnest
150    return expression
151
152
153def _first_last_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Func) -> str:
154    """
155    Trino doesn't support FIRST / LAST as functions, but they're valid in the context
156    of MATCH_RECOGNIZE, so we need to preserve them in that case. In all other cases
157    they're converted into an ARBITRARY call.
158
159    Reference: https://trino.io/docs/current/sql/match-recognize.html#logical-navigation-functions
160    """
161    if isinstance(expression.find_ancestor(exp.MatchRecognize, exp.Select), exp.MatchRecognize):
162        return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
163
164    return rename_func("ARBITRARY")(self, expression)
165
166
167def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
168    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
169    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
170    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
171        return rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME")(self, expression)
172
173    return f"FROM_UNIXTIME(CAST({timestamp} AS DOUBLE) / POW(10, {scale}))"
174
175
176def _jsonextract_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
177    is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
178
179    # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
180    # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
181    if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
182        return self.func(
183            "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
184        )
185
186    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
187
188    # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
189    segments = []
190    for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
191        if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
192            # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
193            self.unsupported(f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access")
194            continue
195        key = path_key.this
196        if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
197            key = f'"{key}"'
198        segments.append(f".{key}")
199
200    expr = "".join(segments)
201
202    return f"{this}{expr}"
203
204
205def _to_int(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
206    if not expression.type:
207        from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
208
209        annotate_types(expression)
210    if expression.type and expression.type.this not in exp.DataType.INTEGER_TYPES:
211        return exp.cast(expression, to=exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT)
212    return expression
213
214
215def _build_to_char(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeToStr:
216    fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
217    if isinstance(fmt, exp.Literal):
218        # We uppercase this to match Teradata's format mapping keys
219        fmt.set("this", fmt.this.upper())
220
221    # We use "teradata" on purpose here, because the time formats are different in Presto.
222    # See https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/teradata.html?highlight=to_char#to_char
223    return build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "teradata")(args)
224
225
226class Presto(Dialect):
227    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
228    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
229    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
230    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
231    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
232    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
233    TYPED_DIVISION = True
234    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
235    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
236
237    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
238    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
239    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
240    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
241
242    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
243        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
244            (prefix + q, q)
245            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
246            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
247        ]
248
249        KEYWORDS = {
250            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
251            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
252            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
253            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
254            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
255            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
256            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
257            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
258        }
259        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
260        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
261
262    class Parser(parser.Parser):
263        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
264
265        FUNCTIONS = {
266            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
267            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
268            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
269            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
270            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
271            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
272            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
273            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
274            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
275            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
276            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
277                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
278            ),
279            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
280                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
281            ),
282            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
283            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
284            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
285            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
286                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
287            ),
288            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
289            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
290            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
291                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
292            ),
293            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
294            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
295                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
296            ),
297            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
298                this=seq_get(args, 0),
299                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
300                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
301            ),
302            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
303            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
304            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
305            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
306            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
307                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
308            ),
309            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
310            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
311            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
312                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
313            ),
314            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
315            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
316            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
317        }
318
319        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
320        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
321
322    class Generator(generator.Generator):
323        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
324        JOIN_HINTS = False
325        TABLE_HINTS = False
326        QUERY_HINTS = False
327        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
328        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
329        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
330        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
331        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
332        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
333        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
334        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
335        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
336        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
337        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
338
339        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
340            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
341            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
342            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
343        }
344
345        TYPE_MAPPING = {
346            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
347            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
348            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
349            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
350            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
351            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
352            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
353            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
354            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
355            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
356            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
357        }
358
359        TRANSFORMS = {
360            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
361            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
362            exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, e: self.func(
363                "APPROX_DISTINCT", e.this, e.args.get("accuracy")
364            ),
365            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
366            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
367            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
368            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
369            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
370            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
371            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
372            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
373            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
374            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
375            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
376            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
377            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
378                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
379            ),
380            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
381            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
382            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
383                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
384            ),
385            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
386            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
387            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
388            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func(
389                "DATE_ADD",
390                unit_to_str(e),
391                _to_int(e.expression),
392                e.this,
393            ),
394            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
395                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
396            ),
397            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
398            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
399            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
400            exp.DateSub: lambda self, e: self.func(
401                "DATE_ADD",
402                unit_to_str(e),
403                _to_int(e.expression * -1),
404                e.this,
405            ),
406            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
407            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
408            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
409            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
410            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
411            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
412            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
413            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
414            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
415            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
416            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
417                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
418            ),
419            exp.If: if_sql(),
420            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
421            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
422            exp.JSONExtract: _jsonextract_sql,
423            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
424            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
425            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
426            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
427            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
428            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
429            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
430            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
431            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
432            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
433            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
434            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
435            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
436            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
437            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
438            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
439                [
440                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
441                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
442                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
443                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
444                ]
445            ),
446            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
447            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
448            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
449            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
450            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
451            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
452            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([_unnest_sequence]),
453            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
454            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
455            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
456            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
457            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
458                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
459            ),
460            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
461            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
462            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
463            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
464            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
465            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
466            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
467            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
468            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
469            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
470            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
471            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
472            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
473            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
474            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
475            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
476            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
477            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
478                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
479            ),
480            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
481            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
482            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
483            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
484        }
485
486        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
487            "alter",
488            "and",
489            "as",
490            "between",
491            "by",
492            "case",
493            "cast",
494            "constraint",
495            "create",
496            "cross",
497            "current_time",
498            "current_timestamp",
499            "deallocate",
500            "delete",
501            "describe",
502            "distinct",
503            "drop",
504            "else",
505            "end",
506            "escape",
507            "except",
508            "execute",
509            "exists",
510            "extract",
511            "false",
512            "for",
513            "from",
514            "full",
515            "group",
516            "having",
517            "in",
518            "inner",
519            "insert",
520            "intersect",
521            "into",
522            "is",
523            "join",
524            "left",
525            "like",
526            "natural",
527            "not",
528            "null",
529            "on",
530            "or",
531            "order",
532            "outer",
533            "prepare",
534            "right",
535            "select",
536            "table",
537            "then",
538            "true",
539            "union",
540            "using",
541            "values",
542            "when",
543            "where",
544            "with",
545        }
546
547        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
548            this = expression.this
549
550            if not this.type:
551                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
552
553                this = annotate_types(this)
554
555            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
556                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
557
558            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
559
560        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
561            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
562            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
563            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
564            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
565            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
566            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
567            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
568            parse_with_tz = self.func(
569                "PARSE_DATETIME",
570                value_as_text,
571                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
572            )
573            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
574            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
575
576        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
577            if expression.args.get("safe"):
578                return self.func(
579                    "ELEMENT_AT",
580                    expression.this,
581                    seq_get(
582                        apply_index_offset(
583                            expression.this,
584                            expression.expressions,
585                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
586                        ),
587                        0,
588                    ),
589                )
590            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
591
592        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
593            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
594
595            expression = annotate_types(expression)
596            values: t.List[str] = []
597            schema: t.List[str] = []
598            unknown_type = False
599
600            for e in expression.expressions:
601                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
602                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
603                        unknown_type = True
604                    else:
605                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
606                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
607                else:
608                    values.append(self.sql(e))
609
610            size = len(expression.expressions)
611
612            if not size or len(schema) != size:
613                if unknown_type:
614                    self.unsupported(
615                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
616                    )
617                return self.func("ROW", *values)
618            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
619
620        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
621            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
622                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
623            return super().interval_sql(expression)
624
625        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
626            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
627            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
628            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
629
630        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
631            start = expression.args["start"]
632            end = expression.args["end"]
633            step = expression.args.get("step")
634
635            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
636                target_type = start.to
637            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
638                target_type = end.to
639            else:
640                target_type = None
641
642            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
643                if target_type is start.to:
644                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
645                else:
646                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
647
648            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
649
650        def offset_limit_modifiers(
651            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
652        ) -> t.List[str]:
653            return [
654                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
655                self.sql(limit),
656            ]
657
658        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
659            """
660            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
661            so we need to remove them
662            """
663            kind = expression.args["kind"]
664            schema = expression.this
665            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
666                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
667            return super().create_sql(expression)
668
669        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
670            """
671            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
672            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
673            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
674            """
675            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
676            if len(tables) > 1:
677                return super().delete_sql(expression)
678
679            table = tables[0]
680            expression.set("this", table)
681            expression.set("tables", None)
682
683            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
684                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
685                if table_alias:
686                    table_alias.pop()
687                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
688
689            return super().delete_sql(expression)
class Presto(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
227class Presto(Dialect):
228    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
229    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
230    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
231    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
232    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
233    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
234    TYPED_DIVISION = True
235    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
236    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
237
238    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
239    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
240    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
241    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
242
243    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
244        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
245            (prefix + q, q)
246            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
247            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
248        ]
249
250        KEYWORDS = {
251            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
252            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
253            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
254            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
255            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
256            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
257            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
258            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
259        }
260        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
261        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
262
263    class Parser(parser.Parser):
264        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
265
266        FUNCTIONS = {
267            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
268            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
269            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
270            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
271            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
272            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
273            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
274            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
275            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
276            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
277            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
278                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
279            ),
280            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
281                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
282            ),
283            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
284            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
285            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
286            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
287                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
288            ),
289            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
290            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
291            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
292                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
293            ),
294            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
295            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
296                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
297            ),
298            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
299                this=seq_get(args, 0),
300                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
301                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
302            ),
303            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
304            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
305            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
306            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
307            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
308                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
309            ),
310            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
311            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
312            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
313                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
314            ),
315            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
316            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
317            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
318        }
319
320        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
321        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
322
323    class Generator(generator.Generator):
324        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
325        JOIN_HINTS = False
326        TABLE_HINTS = False
327        QUERY_HINTS = False
328        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
329        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
330        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
331        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
332        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
333        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
334        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
335        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
336        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
337        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
338        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
339
340        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
341            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
342            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
343            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
344        }
345
346        TYPE_MAPPING = {
347            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
348            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
349            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
350            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
351            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
352            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
353            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
354            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
355            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
356            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
357            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
358        }
359
360        TRANSFORMS = {
361            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
362            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
363            exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, e: self.func(
364                "APPROX_DISTINCT", e.this, e.args.get("accuracy")
365            ),
366            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
367            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
368            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
369            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
370            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
371            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
372            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
373            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
374            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
375            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
376            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
377            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
378            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
379                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
380            ),
381            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
382            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
383            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
384                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
385            ),
386            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
387            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
388            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
389            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func(
390                "DATE_ADD",
391                unit_to_str(e),
392                _to_int(e.expression),
393                e.this,
394            ),
395            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
396                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
397            ),
398            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
399            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
400            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
401            exp.DateSub: lambda self, e: self.func(
402                "DATE_ADD",
403                unit_to_str(e),
404                _to_int(e.expression * -1),
405                e.this,
406            ),
407            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
408            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
409            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
410            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
411            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
412            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
413            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
414            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
415            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
416            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
417            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
418                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
419            ),
420            exp.If: if_sql(),
421            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
422            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
423            exp.JSONExtract: _jsonextract_sql,
424            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
425            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
426            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
427            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
428            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
429            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
430            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
431            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
432            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
433            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
434            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
435            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
436            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
437            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
438            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
439            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
440                [
441                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
442                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
443                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
444                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
445                ]
446            ),
447            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
448            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
449            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
450            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
451            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
452            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
453            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([_unnest_sequence]),
454            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
455            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
456            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
457            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
458            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
459                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
460            ),
461            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
462            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
463            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
464            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
465            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
466            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
467            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
468            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
469            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
470            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
471            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
472            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
473            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
474            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
475            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
476            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
477            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
478            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
479                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
480            ),
481            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
482            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
483            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
484            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
485        }
486
487        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
488            "alter",
489            "and",
490            "as",
491            "between",
492            "by",
493            "case",
494            "cast",
495            "constraint",
496            "create",
497            "cross",
498            "current_time",
499            "current_timestamp",
500            "deallocate",
501            "delete",
502            "describe",
503            "distinct",
504            "drop",
505            "else",
506            "end",
507            "escape",
508            "except",
509            "execute",
510            "exists",
511            "extract",
512            "false",
513            "for",
514            "from",
515            "full",
516            "group",
517            "having",
518            "in",
519            "inner",
520            "insert",
521            "intersect",
522            "into",
523            "is",
524            "join",
525            "left",
526            "like",
527            "natural",
528            "not",
529            "null",
530            "on",
531            "or",
532            "order",
533            "outer",
534            "prepare",
535            "right",
536            "select",
537            "table",
538            "then",
539            "true",
540            "union",
541            "using",
542            "values",
543            "when",
544            "where",
545            "with",
546        }
547
548        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
549            this = expression.this
550
551            if not this.type:
552                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
553
554                this = annotate_types(this)
555
556            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
557                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
558
559            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
560
561        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
562            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
563            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
564            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
565            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
566            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
567            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
568            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
569            parse_with_tz = self.func(
570                "PARSE_DATETIME",
571                value_as_text,
572                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
573            )
574            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
575            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
576
577        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
578            if expression.args.get("safe"):
579                return self.func(
580                    "ELEMENT_AT",
581                    expression.this,
582                    seq_get(
583                        apply_index_offset(
584                            expression.this,
585                            expression.expressions,
586                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
587                        ),
588                        0,
589                    ),
590                )
591            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
592
593        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
594            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
595
596            expression = annotate_types(expression)
597            values: t.List[str] = []
598            schema: t.List[str] = []
599            unknown_type = False
600
601            for e in expression.expressions:
602                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
603                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
604                        unknown_type = True
605                    else:
606                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
607                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
608                else:
609                    values.append(self.sql(e))
610
611            size = len(expression.expressions)
612
613            if not size or len(schema) != size:
614                if unknown_type:
615                    self.unsupported(
616                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
617                    )
618                return self.func("ROW", *values)
619            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
620
621        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
622            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
623                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
624            return super().interval_sql(expression)
625
626        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
627            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
628            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
629            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
630
631        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
632            start = expression.args["start"]
633            end = expression.args["end"]
634            step = expression.args.get("step")
635
636            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
637                target_type = start.to
638            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
639                target_type = end.to
640            else:
641                target_type = None
642
643            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
644                if target_type is start.to:
645                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
646                else:
647                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
648
649            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
650
651        def offset_limit_modifiers(
652            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
653        ) -> t.List[str]:
654            return [
655                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
656                self.sql(limit),
657            ]
658
659        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
660            """
661            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
662            so we need to remove them
663            """
664            kind = expression.args["kind"]
665            schema = expression.this
666            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
667                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
668            return super().create_sql(expression)
669
670        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
671            """
672            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
673            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
674            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
675            """
676            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
677            if len(tables) > 1:
678                return super().delete_sql(expression)
679
680            table = tables[0]
681            expression.set("this", table)
682            expression.set("tables", None)
683
684            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
685                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
686                if table_alias:
687                    table_alias.pop()
688                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
689
690            return super().delete_sql(expression)
INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

TIME_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %T'"
TIME_MAPPING = {'%M': '%B', '%c': '%-m', '%e': '%-d', '%h': '%I', '%i': '%M', '%s': '%S', '%u': '%W', '%k': '%-H', '%l': '%-I', '%T': '%H:%M:%S', '%W': '%a'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True

Whether CONCAT's arguments must be strings.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether SEMI or ANTI joins are supported.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of a / b depends on the types of a and b. False means a / b is always float division. True means a / b is integer division if both a and b are integers.

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = None

Whether the base comes first in the LOG function. Possible values: True, False, None (two arguments are not supported by LOG)

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Presto.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Presto.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Presto.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%a': '%W'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = None
HEX_END: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
class Presto.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
243    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
244        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
245            (prefix + q, q)
246            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
247            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
248        ]
249
250        KEYWORDS = {
251            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
252            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
253            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
254            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
255            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
256            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
257            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
258            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
259        }
260        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
261        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U&'", "'"), ("u&'", "'")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'IPADDRESS': <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, 'IPPREFIX': <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, 'TDIGEST': <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, 'HYPERLOGLOG': <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>}
class Presto.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
263    class Parser(parser.Parser):
264        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
265
266        FUNCTIONS = {
267            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
268            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
269            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
270            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
271            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
272            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
273            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
274            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
275            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
276            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
277            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
278                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
279            ),
280            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
281                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
282            ),
283            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
284            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
285            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
286            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
287                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
288            ),
289            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
290            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
291            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
292                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
293            ),
294            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
295            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
296                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
297            ),
298            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
299                this=seq_get(args, 0),
300                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
301                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
302            ),
303            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
304            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
305            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
306            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
307            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
308                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
309            ),
310            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
311            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
312            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
313                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
314            ),
315            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
316            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
317            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
318        }
319
320        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
321        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <function _build_to_char>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'ARBITRARY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <function _build_approx_percentile>, 'BITWISE_AND': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_NOT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_OR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CARDINALITY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'DATE_FORMAT': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_PARSE': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'ELEMENT_AT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FROM_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'FROM_UNIXTIME': <function _build_from_unixtime>, 'FROM_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'ROW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'SEQUENCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'SPLIT_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STRPOS': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_UNIXTIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TO_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA256': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.parser.Parser
Parser
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
TYPE_TOKENS
SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
RESERVED_TOKENS
DB_CREATABLES
CREATABLES
INTERVAL_VARS
ALIAS_TOKENS
ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
TRIM_TYPES
FUNC_TOKENS
CONJUNCTION
ASSIGNMENT
DISJUNCTION
EQUALITY
COMPARISON
BITWISE
TERM
FACTOR
EXPONENT
TIMES
TIMESTAMPS
SET_OPERATIONS
JOIN_METHODS
JOIN_SIDES
JOIN_KINDS
JOIN_HINTS
LAMBDAS
COLUMN_OPERATORS
EXPRESSION_PARSERS
STATEMENT_PARSERS
UNARY_PARSERS
STRING_PARSERS
NUMERIC_PARSERS
PRIMARY_PARSERS
PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
RANGE_PARSERS
PROPERTY_PARSERS
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
ALTER_PARSERS
ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
SET_PARSERS
SHOW_PARSERS
TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
TYPE_CONVERTERS
DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
TRANSACTION_KIND
TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
CONFLICT_ACTIONS
CREATE_SEQUENCE
ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
USABLES
CAST_ACTIONS
SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
CLONE_KEYWORDS
HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
WINDOW_SIDES
JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
FETCH_TOKENS
ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
DISTINCT_TOKENS
NULL_TOKENS
UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
SELECT_START_TOKENS
COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
STRICT_CAST
PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
TABLESAMPLE_CSV
DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
STRING_ALIASES
MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
SET_OP_MODIFIERS
NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
INTERVAL_SPANS
SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
error_level
error_message_context
max_errors
dialect
reset
parse
parse_into
check_errors
raise_error
expression
validate_expression
errors
sql
class Presto.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
323    class Generator(generator.Generator):
324        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
325        JOIN_HINTS = False
326        TABLE_HINTS = False
327        QUERY_HINTS = False
328        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
329        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
330        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
331        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
332        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
333        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
334        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
335        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
336        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
337        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
338        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
339
340        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
341            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
342            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
343            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
344        }
345
346        TYPE_MAPPING = {
347            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
348            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
349            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
350            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
351            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
352            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
353            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
354            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
355            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
356            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
357            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
358        }
359
360        TRANSFORMS = {
361            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
362            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
363            exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, e: self.func(
364                "APPROX_DISTINCT", e.this, e.args.get("accuracy")
365            ),
366            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
367            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
368            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
369            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
370            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
371            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
372            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
373            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
374            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
375            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
376            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
377            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
378            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
379                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
380            ),
381            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
382            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
383            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
384                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
385            ),
386            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
387            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
388            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
389            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func(
390                "DATE_ADD",
391                unit_to_str(e),
392                _to_int(e.expression),
393                e.this,
394            ),
395            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
396                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
397            ),
398            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
399            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
400            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
401            exp.DateSub: lambda self, e: self.func(
402                "DATE_ADD",
403                unit_to_str(e),
404                _to_int(e.expression * -1),
405                e.this,
406            ),
407            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
408            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
409            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
410            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
411            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
412            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
413            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
414            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
415            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
416            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
417            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
418                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
419            ),
420            exp.If: if_sql(),
421            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
422            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
423            exp.JSONExtract: _jsonextract_sql,
424            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
425            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
426            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
427            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
428            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
429            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
430            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
431            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
432            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
433            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
434            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
435            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
436            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
437            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
438            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
439            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
440                [
441                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
442                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
443                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
444                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
445                ]
446            ),
447            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
448            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
449            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
450            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
451            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
452            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
453            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([_unnest_sequence]),
454            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
455            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
456            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
457            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
458            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
459                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
460            ),
461            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
462            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
463            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
464            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
465            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
466            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
467            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
468            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
469            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
470            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
471            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
472            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
473            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
474            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
475            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
476            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
477            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
478            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
479                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
480            ),
481            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
482            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
483            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
484            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
485        }
486
487        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
488            "alter",
489            "and",
490            "as",
491            "between",
492            "by",
493            "case",
494            "cast",
495            "constraint",
496            "create",
497            "cross",
498            "current_time",
499            "current_timestamp",
500            "deallocate",
501            "delete",
502            "describe",
503            "distinct",
504            "drop",
505            "else",
506            "end",
507            "escape",
508            "except",
509            "execute",
510            "exists",
511            "extract",
512            "false",
513            "for",
514            "from",
515            "full",
516            "group",
517            "having",
518            "in",
519            "inner",
520            "insert",
521            "intersect",
522            "into",
523            "is",
524            "join",
525            "left",
526            "like",
527            "natural",
528            "not",
529            "null",
530            "on",
531            "or",
532            "order",
533            "outer",
534            "prepare",
535            "right",
536            "select",
537            "table",
538            "then",
539            "true",
540            "union",
541            "using",
542            "values",
543            "when",
544            "where",
545            "with",
546        }
547
548        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
549            this = expression.this
550
551            if not this.type:
552                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
553
554                this = annotate_types(this)
555
556            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
557                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
558
559            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
560
561        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
562            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
563            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
564            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
565            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
566            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
567            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
568            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
569            parse_with_tz = self.func(
570                "PARSE_DATETIME",
571                value_as_text,
572                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
573            )
574            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
575            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
576
577        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
578            if expression.args.get("safe"):
579                return self.func(
580                    "ELEMENT_AT",
581                    expression.this,
582                    seq_get(
583                        apply_index_offset(
584                            expression.this,
585                            expression.expressions,
586                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
587                        ),
588                        0,
589                    ),
590                )
591            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
592
593        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
594            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
595
596            expression = annotate_types(expression)
597            values: t.List[str] = []
598            schema: t.List[str] = []
599            unknown_type = False
600
601            for e in expression.expressions:
602                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
603                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
604                        unknown_type = True
605                    else:
606                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
607                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
608                else:
609                    values.append(self.sql(e))
610
611            size = len(expression.expressions)
612
613            if not size or len(schema) != size:
614                if unknown_type:
615                    self.unsupported(
616                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
617                    )
618                return self.func("ROW", *values)
619            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
620
621        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
622            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
623                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
624            return super().interval_sql(expression)
625
626        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
627            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
628            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
629            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
630
631        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
632            start = expression.args["start"]
633            end = expression.args["end"]
634            step = expression.args.get("step")
635
636            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
637                target_type = start.to
638            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
639                target_type = end.to
640            else:
641                target_type = None
642
643            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
644                if target_type is start.to:
645                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
646                else:
647                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
648
649            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
650
651        def offset_limit_modifiers(
652            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
653        ) -> t.List[str]:
654            return [
655                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
656                self.sql(limit),
657            ]
658
659        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
660            """
661            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
662            so we need to remove them
663            """
664            kind = expression.args["kind"]
665            schema = expression.this
666            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
667                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
668            return super().create_sql(expression)
669
670        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
671            """
672            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
673            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
674            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
675            """
676            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
677            if len(tables) > 1:
678                return super().delete_sql(expression)
679
680            table = tables[0]
681            expression.set("this", table)
682            expression.set("tables", None)
683
684            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
685                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
686                if table_alias:
687                    table_alias.pop()
688                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
689
690            return super().delete_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
  • indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a WHERE clause. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
HEX_FUNC = 'TO_HEX'
PARSE_JSON_NAME = 'JSON_PARSE'
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'REAL', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>: 'TIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'ROW', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>: 'HYPERLOGLOG'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathFilter'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRecursive'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathScript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSelector'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSlice'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathUnion'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function _jsonextract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TagColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _initcap_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lateral'>: <function _explode_to_unnest_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function left_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function no_pivot_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _quantile_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function right_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function no_safe_divide_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Schema'>: <function _schema_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>: <function _no_sort_array>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>: <function struct_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Table'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.With'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithinGroup'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function bool_xor_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function sha256_sql>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'false', 'right', 'cross', 'by', 'outer', 'when', 'escape', 'order', 'delete', 'case', 'exists', 'and', 'create', 'into', 'like', 'group', 'full', 'cast', 'else', 'then', 'or', 'union', 'with', 'table', 'select', 'values', 'true', 'in', 'having', 'as', 'describe', 'prepare', 'natural', 'from', 'for', 'except', 'not', 'between', 'drop', 'join', 'extract', 'deallocate', 'execute', 'constraint', 'is', 'left', 'end', 'inner', 'on', 'distinct', 'intersect', 'current_timestamp', 'insert', 'null', 'using', 'current_time', 'alter', 'where'}
def md5_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.MD5) -> str:
548        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
549            this = expression.this
550
551            if not this.type:
552                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
553
554                this = annotate_types(this)
555
556            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
557                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
558
559            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
def strtounix_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix) -> str:
561        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
562            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
563            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
564            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
565            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
566            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
567            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
568            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
569            parse_with_tz = self.func(
570                "PARSE_DATETIME",
571                value_as_text,
572                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
573            )
574            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
575            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str:
577        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
578            if expression.args.get("safe"):
579                return self.func(
580                    "ELEMENT_AT",
581                    expression.this,
582                    seq_get(
583                        apply_index_offset(
584                            expression.this,
585                            expression.expressions,
586                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
587                        ),
588                        0,
589                    ),
590                )
591            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str:
593        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
594            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
595
596            expression = annotate_types(expression)
597            values: t.List[str] = []
598            schema: t.List[str] = []
599            unknown_type = False
600
601            for e in expression.expressions:
602                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
603                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
604                        unknown_type = True
605                    else:
606                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
607                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
608                else:
609                    values.append(self.sql(e))
610
611            size = len(expression.expressions)
612
613            if not size or len(schema) != size:
614                if unknown_type:
615                    self.unsupported(
616                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
617                    )
618                return self.func("ROW", *values)
619            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
def interval_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Interval) -> str:
621        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
622            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
623                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
624            return super().interval_sql(expression)
def transaction_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Transaction) -> str:
626        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
627            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
628            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
629            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
def generateseries_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries) -> str:
631        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
632            start = expression.args["start"]
633            end = expression.args["end"]
634            step = expression.args.get("step")
635
636            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
637                target_type = start.to
638            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
639                target_type = end.to
640            else:
641                target_type = None
642
643            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
644                if target_type is start.to:
645                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
646                else:
647                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
648
649            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
def offset_limit_modifiers( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: Union[sqlglot.expressions.Fetch, sqlglot.expressions.Limit, NoneType]) -> List[str]:
651        def offset_limit_modifiers(
652            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
653        ) -> t.List[str]:
654            return [
655                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
656                self.sql(limit),
657            ]
def create_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Create) -> str:
659        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
660            """
661            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
662            so we need to remove them
663            """
664            kind = expression.args["kind"]
665            schema = expression.this
666            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
667                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
668            return super().create_sql(expression)

Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: CREATE VIEW x (cola) then (cola) is the expression), so we need to remove them

def delete_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Delete) -> str:
670        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
671            """
672            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
673            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
674            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
675            """
676            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
677            if len(tables) > 1:
678                return super().delete_sql(expression)
679
680            table = tables[0]
681            expression.set("this", table)
682            expression.set("tables", None)
683
684            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
685                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
686                if table_alias:
687                    table_alias.pop()
688                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
689
690            return super().delete_sql(expression)

Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
EXPLICIT_SET_OP
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
LIMIT_FETCH
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
QUERY_HINT_SEP
DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
LIMIT_IS_TOP
RETURNING_END
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
VALUES_AS_TABLE
ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
COLLATE_IS_FUNC
DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
ENSURE_BOOLS
CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
INSERT_OVERWRITE
SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
SET_OP_MODIFIERS
COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
TRY_SUPPORTED
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE
STAR_EXCEPT
WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
QUOTE_JSON_PATH
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
TOKEN_MAPPING
PARAMETER_TOKEN
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
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