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# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
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# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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#
import sys
from py4j.java_gateway import JavaClass
from pyspark import RDD, since
from pyspark.sql.column import _to_seq, _to_java_column
from pyspark.sql.types import StructType
from pyspark.sql import utils
from pyspark.sql.utils import to_str
__all__ = ["DataFrameReader", "DataFrameWriter"]
class OptionUtils(object):
def _set_opts(self, schema=None, **options):
"""
Set named options (filter out those the value is None)
"""
if schema is not None:
self.schema(schema)
for k, v in options.items():
if v is not None:
self.option(k, v)
class DataFrameReader(OptionUtils):
"""
Interface used to load a :class:`DataFrame` from external storage systems
(e.g. file systems, key-value stores, etc). Use :attr:`SparkSession.read`
to access this.
.. versionadded:: 1.4
"""
def __init__(self, spark):
self._jreader = spark._ssql_ctx.read()
self._spark = spark
def _df(self, jdf):
from pyspark.sql.dataframe import DataFrame
return DataFrame(jdf, self._spark)
[docs] def schema(self, schema):
"""Specifies the input schema.
Some data sources (e.g. JSON) can infer the input schema automatically from data.
By specifying the schema here, the underlying data source can skip the schema
inference step, and thus speed up data loading.
.. versionadded:: 1.4.0
Parameters
----------
schema : :class:`pyspark.sql.types.StructType` or str
a :class:`pyspark.sql.types.StructType` object or a DDL-formatted string
(For example ``col0 INT, col1 DOUBLE``).
>>> s = spark.read.schema("col0 INT, col1 DOUBLE")
"""
from pyspark.sql import SparkSession
spark = SparkSession.builder.getOrCreate()
if isinstance(schema, StructType):
jschema = spark._jsparkSession.parseDataType(schema.json())
self._jreader = self._jreader.schema(jschema)
elif isinstance(schema, str):
self._jreader = self._jreader.schema(schema)
else:
raise TypeError("schema should be StructType or string")
return self
[docs] @since(1.5)
def option(self, key, value):
"""Adds an input option for the underlying data source.
"""
self._jreader = self._jreader.option(key, to_str(value))
return self
[docs] @since(1.4)
def options(self, **options):
"""Adds input options for the underlying data source.
"""
for k in options:
self._jreader = self._jreader.option(k, to_str(options[k]))
return self
[docs] def load(self, path=None, format=None, schema=None, **options):
"""Loads data from a data source and returns it as a :class:`DataFrame`.
.. versionadded:: 1.4.0
Parameters
----------
path : str or list, optional
optional string or a list of string for file-system backed data sources.
format : str, optional
optional string for format of the data source. Default to 'parquet'.
schema : :class:`pyspark.sql.types.StructType` or str, optional
optional :class:`pyspark.sql.types.StructType` for the input schema
or a DDL-formatted string (For example ``col0 INT, col1 DOUBLE``).
**options : dict
all other string options
Examples
--------
>>> df = spark.read.format("parquet").load('python/test_support/sql/parquet_partitioned',
... opt1=True, opt2=1, opt3='str')
>>> df.dtypes
[('name', 'string'), ('year', 'int'), ('month', 'int'), ('day', 'int')]
>>> df = spark.read.format('json').load(['python/test_support/sql/people.json',
... 'python/test_support/sql/people1.json'])
>>> df.dtypes
[('age', 'bigint'), ('aka', 'string'), ('name', 'string')]
"""
if format is not None:
self.format(format)
if schema is not None:
self.schema(schema)
self.options(**options)
if isinstance(path, str):
return self._df(self._jreader.load(path))
elif path is not None:
if type(path) != list:
path = [path]
return self._df(self._jreader.load(self._spark._sc._jvm.PythonUtils.toSeq(path)))
else:
return self._df(self._jreader.load())
[docs] def json(self, path, schema=None, primitivesAsString=None, prefersDecimal=None,
allowComments=None, allowUnquotedFieldNames=None, allowSingleQuotes=None,
allowNumericLeadingZero=None, allowBackslashEscapingAnyCharacter=None,
mode=None, columnNameOfCorruptRecord=None, dateFormat=None, timestampFormat=None,
multiLine=None, allowUnquotedControlChars=None, lineSep=None, samplingRatio=None,
dropFieldIfAllNull=None, encoding=None, locale=None, pathGlobFilter=None,
recursiveFileLookup=None, allowNonNumericNumbers=None,
modifiedBefore=None, modifiedAfter=None):
"""
Loads JSON files and returns the results as a :class:`DataFrame`.
`JSON Lines <http://jsonlines.org/>`_ (newline-delimited JSON) is supported by default.
For JSON (one record per file), set the ``multiLine`` parameter to ``true``.
If the ``schema`` parameter is not specified, this function goes
through the input once to determine the input schema.
.. versionadded:: 1.4.0
Parameters
----------
path : str, list or :class:`RDD`
string represents path to the JSON dataset, or a list of paths,
or RDD of Strings storing JSON objects.
schema : :class:`pyspark.sql.types.StructType` or str, optional
an optional :class:`pyspark.sql.types.StructType` for the input schema or
a DDL-formatted string (For example ``col0 INT, col1 DOUBLE``).
Other Parameters
----------------
Extra options
For the extra options, refer to
`Data Source Option <https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-data-sources-json.html#data-source-option>`_
in the version you use.
.. # noqa
Examples
--------
>>> df1 = spark.read.json('python/test_support/sql/people.json')
>>> df1.dtypes
[('age', 'bigint'), ('name', 'string')]
>>> rdd = sc.textFile('python/test_support/sql/people.json')
>>> df2 = spark.read.json(rdd)
>>> df2.dtypes
[('age', 'bigint'), ('name', 'string')]
"""
self._set_opts(
schema=schema, primitivesAsString=primitivesAsString, prefersDecimal=prefersDecimal,
allowComments=allowComments, allowUnquotedFieldNames=allowUnquotedFieldNames,
allowSingleQuotes=allowSingleQuotes, allowNumericLeadingZero=allowNumericLeadingZero,
allowBackslashEscapingAnyCharacter=allowBackslashEscapingAnyCharacter,
mode=mode, columnNameOfCorruptRecord=columnNameOfCorruptRecord, dateFormat=dateFormat,
timestampFormat=timestampFormat, multiLine=multiLine,
allowUnquotedControlChars=allowUnquotedControlChars, lineSep=lineSep,
samplingRatio=samplingRatio, dropFieldIfAllNull=dropFieldIfAllNull, encoding=encoding,
locale=locale, pathGlobFilter=pathGlobFilter, recursiveFileLookup=recursiveFileLookup,
modifiedBefore=modifiedBefore, modifiedAfter=modifiedAfter,
allowNonNumericNumbers=allowNonNumericNumbers)
if isinstance(path, str):
path = [path]
if type(path) == list:
return self._df(self._jreader.json(self._spark._sc._jvm.PythonUtils.toSeq(path)))
elif isinstance(path, RDD):
def func(iterator):
for x in iterator:
if not isinstance(x, str):
x = str(x)
if isinstance(x, str):
x = x.encode("utf-8")
yield x
keyed = path.mapPartitions(func)
keyed._bypass_serializer = True
jrdd = keyed._jrdd.map(self._spark._jvm.BytesToString())
return self._df(self._jreader.json(jrdd))
else:
raise TypeError("path can be only string, list or RDD")
[docs] def table(self, tableName):
"""Returns the specified table as a :class:`DataFrame`.
.. versionadded:: 1.4.0
Parameters
----------
tableName : str
string, name of the table.
Examples
--------
>>> df = spark.read.parquet('python/test_support/sql/parquet_partitioned')
>>> df.createOrReplaceTempView('tmpTable')
>>> spark.read.table('tmpTable').dtypes
[('name', 'string'), ('year', 'int'), ('month', 'int'), ('day', 'int')]
"""
return self._df(self._jreader.table(tableName))
[docs] def parquet(self, *paths, **options):
"""
Loads Parquet files, returning the result as a :class:`DataFrame`.
.. versionadded:: 1.4.0
Parameters
----------
paths : str
Other Parameters
----------------
**options
For the extra options, refer to
`Data Source Option <https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-data-sources-parquet.html#data-source-option>`_
in the version you use.
.. # noqa
Examples
--------
>>> df = spark.read.parquet('python/test_support/sql/parquet_partitioned')
>>> df.dtypes
[('name', 'string'), ('year', 'int'), ('month', 'int'), ('day', 'int')]
"""
mergeSchema = options.get('mergeSchema', None)
pathGlobFilter = options.get('pathGlobFilter', None)
modifiedBefore = options.get('modifiedBefore', None)
modifiedAfter = options.get('modifiedAfter', None)
recursiveFileLookup = options.get('recursiveFileLookup', None)
datetimeRebaseMode = options.get('datetimeRebaseMode', None)
int96RebaseMode = options.get('int96RebaseMode', None)
self._set_opts(mergeSchema=mergeSchema, pathGlobFilter=pathGlobFilter,
recursiveFileLookup=recursiveFileLookup, modifiedBefore=modifiedBefore,
modifiedAfter=modifiedAfter, datetimeRebaseMode=datetimeRebaseMode,
int96RebaseMode=int96RebaseMode)
return self._df(self._jreader.parquet(_to_seq(self._spark._sc, paths)))
def text(self, paths, wholetext=False, lineSep=None, pathGlobFilter=None,
recursiveFileLookup=None, modifiedBefore=None,
modifiedAfter=None):
"""
Loads text files and returns a :class:`DataFrame` whose schema starts with a
string column named "value", and followed by partitioned columns if there
are any.
The text files must be encoded as UTF-8.
By default, each line in the text file is a new row in the resulting DataFrame.
.. versionadded:: 1.6.0
Parameters
----------
paths : str or list
string, or list of strings, for input path(s).
Other Parameters
----------------
Extra options
For the extra options, refer to
`Data Source Option <https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-data-sources-text.html#data-source-option>`_
in the version you use.
.. # noqa
Examples
--------
>>> df = spark.read.text('python/test_support/sql/text-test.txt')
>>> df.collect()
[Row(value='hello'), Row(value='this')]
>>> df = spark.read.text('python/test_support/sql/text-test.txt', wholetext=True)
>>> df.collect()
[Row(value='hello\\nthis')]
"""
self._set_opts(
wholetext=wholetext, lineSep=lineSep, pathGlobFilter=pathGlobFilter,
recursiveFileLookup=recursiveFileLookup, modifiedBefore=modifiedBefore,
modifiedAfter=modifiedAfter)
if isinstance(paths, str):
paths = [paths]
return self._df(self._jreader.text(self._spark._sc._jvm.PythonUtils.toSeq(paths)))
[docs] def csv(self, path, schema=None, sep=None, encoding=None, quote=None, escape=None,
comment=None, header=None, inferSchema=None, ignoreLeadingWhiteSpace=None,
ignoreTrailingWhiteSpace=None, nullValue=None, nanValue=None, positiveInf=None,
negativeInf=None, dateFormat=None, timestampFormat=None, maxColumns=None,
maxCharsPerColumn=None, maxMalformedLogPerPartition=None, mode=None,
columnNameOfCorruptRecord=None, multiLine=None, charToEscapeQuoteEscaping=None,
samplingRatio=None, enforceSchema=None, emptyValue=None, locale=None, lineSep=None,
pathGlobFilter=None, recursiveFileLookup=None, modifiedBefore=None, modifiedAfter=None,
unescapedQuoteHandling=None):
r"""Loads a CSV file and returns the result as a :class:`DataFrame`.
This function will go through the input once to determine the input schema if
``inferSchema`` is enabled. To avoid going through the entire data once, disable
``inferSchema`` option or specify the schema explicitly using ``schema``.
.. versionadded:: 2.0.0
Parameters
----------
path : str or list
string, or list of strings, for input path(s),
or RDD of Strings storing CSV rows.
schema : :class:`pyspark.sql.types.StructType` or str, optional
an optional :class:`pyspark.sql.types.StructType` for the input schema
or a DDL-formatted string (For example ``col0 INT, col1 DOUBLE``).
Other Parameters
----------------
Extra options
For the extra options, refer to
`Data Source Option <https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-data-sources-csv.html#data-source-option>`_
in the version you use.
.. # noqa
Examples
--------
>>> df = spark.read.csv('python/test_support/sql/ages.csv')
>>> df.dtypes
[('_c0', 'string'), ('_c1', 'string')]
>>> rdd = sc.textFile('python/test_support/sql/ages.csv')
>>> df2 = spark.read.csv(rdd)
>>> df2.dtypes
[('_c0', 'string'), ('_c1', 'string')]
"""
self._set_opts(
schema=schema, sep=sep, encoding=encoding, quote=quote, escape=escape, comment=comment,
header=header, inferSchema=inferSchema, ignoreLeadingWhiteSpace=ignoreLeadingWhiteSpace,
ignoreTrailingWhiteSpace=ignoreTrailingWhiteSpace, nullValue=nullValue,
nanValue=nanValue, positiveInf=positiveInf, negativeInf=negativeInf,
dateFormat=dateFormat, timestampFormat=timestampFormat, maxColumns=maxColumns,
maxCharsPerColumn=maxCharsPerColumn,
maxMalformedLogPerPartition=maxMalformedLogPerPartition, mode=mode,
columnNameOfCorruptRecord=columnNameOfCorruptRecord, multiLine=multiLine,
charToEscapeQuoteEscaping=charToEscapeQuoteEscaping, samplingRatio=samplingRatio,
enforceSchema=enforceSchema, emptyValue=emptyValue, locale=locale, lineSep=lineSep,
pathGlobFilter=pathGlobFilter, recursiveFileLookup=recursiveFileLookup,
modifiedBefore=modifiedBefore, modifiedAfter=modifiedAfter,
unescapedQuoteHandling=unescapedQuoteHandling)
if isinstance(path, str):
path = [path]
if type(path) == list:
return self._df(self._jreader.csv(self._spark._sc._jvm.PythonUtils.toSeq(path)))
elif isinstance(path, RDD):
def func(iterator):
for x in iterator:
if not isinstance(x, str):
x = str(x)
if isinstance(x, str):
x = x.encode("utf-8")
yield x
keyed = path.mapPartitions(func)
keyed._bypass_serializer = True
jrdd = keyed._jrdd.map(self._spark._jvm.BytesToString())
# see SPARK-22112
# There aren't any jvm api for creating a dataframe from rdd storing csv.
# We can do it through creating a jvm dataset firstly and using the jvm api
# for creating a dataframe from dataset storing csv.
jdataset = self._spark._ssql_ctx.createDataset(
jrdd.rdd(),
self._spark._jvm.Encoders.STRING())
return self._df(self._jreader.csv(jdataset))
else:
raise TypeError("path can be only string, list or RDD")
[docs] def orc(self, path, mergeSchema=None, pathGlobFilter=None, recursiveFileLookup=None,
modifiedBefore=None, modifiedAfter=None):
"""Loads ORC files, returning the result as a :class:`DataFrame`.
.. versionadded:: 1.5.0
Parameters
----------
path : str or list
Other Parameters
----------------
Extra options
For the extra options, refer to
`Data Source Option <https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-data-sources-orc.html#data-source-option>`_
in the version you use.
.. # noqa
Examples
--------
>>> df = spark.read.orc('python/test_support/sql/orc_partitioned')
>>> df.dtypes
[('a', 'bigint'), ('b', 'int'), ('c', 'int')]
"""
self._set_opts(mergeSchema=mergeSchema, pathGlobFilter=pathGlobFilter,
modifiedBefore=modifiedBefore, modifiedAfter=modifiedAfter,
recursiveFileLookup=recursiveFileLookup)
if isinstance(path, str):
path = [path]
return self._df(self._jreader.orc(_to_seq(self._spark._sc, path)))
[docs] def jdbc(self, url, table, column=None, lowerBound=None, upperBound=None, numPartitions=None,
predicates=None, properties=None):
"""
Construct a :class:`DataFrame` representing the database table named ``table``
accessible via JDBC URL ``url`` and connection ``properties``.
Partitions of the table will be retrieved in parallel if either ``column`` or
``predicates`` is specified. ``lowerBound``, ``upperBound`` and ``numPartitions``
is needed when ``column`` is specified.
If both ``column`` and ``predicates`` are specified, ``column`` will be used.
.. versionadded:: 1.4.0
Parameters
----------
table : str
the name of the table
column : str, optional
alias of ``partitionColumn`` option. Refer to ``partitionColumn`` in
`Data Source Option <https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-data-sources-jdbc.html#data-source-option>`_
in the version you use.
predicates : list, optional
a list of expressions suitable for inclusion in WHERE clauses;
each one defines one partition of the :class:`DataFrame`
properties : dict, optional
a dictionary of JDBC database connection arguments. Normally at
least properties "user" and "password" with their corresponding values.
For example { 'user' : 'SYSTEM', 'password' : 'mypassword' }
Other Parameters
----------------
Extra options
For the extra options, refer to
`Data Source Option <https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-data-sources-jdbc.html#data-source-option>`_
in the version you use.
.. # noqa
Notes
-----
Don't create too many partitions in parallel on a large cluster;
otherwise Spark might crash your external database systems.
Returns
-------
:class:`DataFrame`
"""
if properties is None:
properties = dict()
jprop = JavaClass("java.util.Properties", self._spark._sc._gateway._gateway_client)()
for k in properties:
jprop.setProperty(k, properties[k])
if column is not None:
assert lowerBound is not None, "lowerBound can not be None when ``column`` is specified"
assert upperBound is not None, "upperBound can not be None when ``column`` is specified"
assert numPartitions is not None, \
"numPartitions can not be None when ``column`` is specified"
return self._df(self._jreader.jdbc(url, table, column, int(lowerBound), int(upperBound),
int(numPartitions), jprop))
if predicates is not None:
gateway = self._spark._sc._gateway
jpredicates = utils.toJArray(gateway, gateway.jvm.java.lang.String, predicates)
return self._df(self._jreader.jdbc(url, table, jpredicates, jprop))
return self._df(self._jreader.jdbc(url, table, jprop))
class DataFrameWriter(OptionUtils):
"""
Interface used to write a :class:`DataFrame` to external storage systems
(e.g. file systems, key-value stores, etc). Use :attr:`DataFrame.write`
to access this.
.. versionadded:: 1.4
"""
def __init__(self, df):
self._df = df
self._spark = df.sql_ctx
self._jwrite = df._jdf.write()
def _sq(self, jsq):
from pyspark.sql.streaming import StreamingQuery
return StreamingQuery(jsq)
[docs] def mode(self, saveMode):
"""Specifies the behavior when data or table already exists.
Options include:
* `append`: Append contents of this :class:`DataFrame` to existing data.
* `overwrite`: Overwrite existing data.
* `error` or `errorifexists`: Throw an exception if data already exists.
* `ignore`: Silently ignore this operation if data already exists.
.. versionadded:: 1.4.0
Examples
--------
>>> df.write.mode('append').parquet(os.path.join(tempfile.mkdtemp(), 'data'))
"""
# At the JVM side, the default value of mode is already set to "error".
# So, if the given saveMode is None, we will not call JVM-side's mode method.
if saveMode is not None:
self._jwrite = self._jwrite.mode(saveMode)
return self
[docs] @since(1.5)
def option(self, key, value):
"""Adds an output option for the underlying data source.
"""
self._jwrite = self._jwrite.option(key, to_str(value))
return self
[docs] @since(1.4)
def options(self, **options):
"""Adds output options for the underlying data source.
"""
for k in options:
self._jwrite = self._jwrite.option(k, to_str(options[k]))
return self
[docs] def partitionBy(self, *cols):
"""Partitions the output by the given columns on the file system.
If specified, the output is laid out on the file system similar
to Hive's partitioning scheme.
.. versionadded:: 1.4.0
Parameters
----------
cols : str or list
name of columns
Examples
--------
>>> df.write.partitionBy('year', 'month').parquet(os.path.join(tempfile.mkdtemp(), 'data'))
"""
if len(cols) == 1 and isinstance(cols[0], (list, tuple)):
cols = cols[0]
self._jwrite = self._jwrite.partitionBy(_to_seq(self._spark._sc, cols))
return self
[docs] def bucketBy(self, numBuckets, col, *cols):
"""Buckets the output by the given columns. If specified,
the output is laid out on the file system similar to Hive's bucketing scheme,
but with a different bucket hash function and is not compatible with Hive's bucketing.
.. versionadded:: 2.3.0
Parameters
----------
numBuckets : int
the number of buckets to save
col : str, list or tuple
a name of a column, or a list of names.
cols : str
additional names (optional). If `col` is a list it should be empty.
Notes
-----
Applicable for file-based data sources in combination with
:py:meth:`DataFrameWriter.saveAsTable`.
Examples
--------
>>> (df.write.format('parquet') # doctest: +SKIP
... .bucketBy(100, 'year', 'month')
... .mode("overwrite")
... .saveAsTable('bucketed_table'))
"""
if not isinstance(numBuckets, int):
raise TypeError("numBuckets should be an int, got {0}.".format(type(numBuckets)))
if isinstance(col, (list, tuple)):
if cols:
raise ValueError("col is a {0} but cols are not empty".format(type(col)))
col, cols = col[0], col[1:]
if not all(isinstance(c, str) for c in cols) or not(isinstance(col, str)):
raise TypeError("all names should be `str`")
self._jwrite = self._jwrite.bucketBy(numBuckets, col, _to_seq(self._spark._sc, cols))
return self
[docs] def sortBy(self, col, *cols):
"""Sorts the output in each bucket by the given columns on the file system.
.. versionadded:: 2.3.0
Parameters
----------
col : str, tuple or list
a name of a column, or a list of names.
cols : str
additional names (optional). If `col` is a list it should be empty.
Examples
--------
>>> (df.write.format('parquet') # doctest: +SKIP
... .bucketBy(100, 'year', 'month')
... .sortBy('day')
... .mode("overwrite")
... .saveAsTable('sorted_bucketed_table'))
"""
if isinstance(col, (list, tuple)):
if cols:
raise ValueError("col is a {0} but cols are not empty".format(type(col)))
col, cols = col[0], col[1:]
if not all(isinstance(c, str) for c in cols) or not(isinstance(col, str)):
raise TypeError("all names should be `str`")
self._jwrite = self._jwrite.sortBy(col, _to_seq(self._spark._sc, cols))
return self
[docs] def save(self, path=None, format=None, mode=None, partitionBy=None, **options):
"""Saves the contents of the :class:`DataFrame` to a data source.
The data source is specified by the ``format`` and a set of ``options``.
If ``format`` is not specified, the default data source configured by
``spark.sql.sources.default`` will be used.
.. versionadded:: 1.4.0
Parameters
----------
path : str, optional
the path in a Hadoop supported file system
format : str, optional
the format used to save
mode : str, optional
specifies the behavior of the save operation when data already exists.
* ``append``: Append contents of this :class:`DataFrame` to existing data.
* ``overwrite``: Overwrite existing data.
* ``ignore``: Silently ignore this operation if data already exists.
* ``error`` or ``errorifexists`` (default case): Throw an exception if data already \
exists.
partitionBy : list, optional
names of partitioning columns
**options : dict
all other string options
Examples
--------
>>> df.write.mode("append").save(os.path.join(tempfile.mkdtemp(), 'data'))
"""
self.mode(mode).options(**options)
if partitionBy is not None:
self.partitionBy(partitionBy)
if format is not None:
self.format(format)
if path is None:
self._jwrite.save()
else:
self._jwrite.save(path)
[docs] @since(1.4)
def insertInto(self, tableName, overwrite=None):
"""Inserts the content of the :class:`DataFrame` to the specified table.
It requires that the schema of the :class:`DataFrame` is the same as the
schema of the table.
Parameters
----------
overwrite : bool, optional
If true, overwrites existing data. Disabled by default
Notes
-----
Unlike :meth:`DataFrameWriter.saveAsTable`, :meth:`DataFrameWriter.insertInto` ignores
the column names and just uses position-based resolution.
"""
if overwrite is not None:
self.mode("overwrite" if overwrite else "append")
self._jwrite.insertInto(tableName)
[docs] def saveAsTable(self, name, format=None, mode=None, partitionBy=None, **options):
"""Saves the content of the :class:`DataFrame` as the specified table.
In the case the table already exists, behavior of this function depends on the
save mode, specified by the `mode` function (default to throwing an exception).
When `mode` is `Overwrite`, the schema of the :class:`DataFrame` does not need to be
the same as that of the existing table.
* `append`: Append contents of this :class:`DataFrame` to existing data.
* `overwrite`: Overwrite existing data.
* `error` or `errorifexists`: Throw an exception if data already exists.
* `ignore`: Silently ignore this operation if data already exists.
.. versionadded:: 1.4.0
Notes
-----
When `mode` is `Append`, if there is an existing table, we will use the format and
options of the existing table. The column order in the schema of the :class:`DataFrame`
doesn't need to be same as that of the existing table. Unlike
:meth:`DataFrameWriter.insertInto`, :meth:`DataFrameWriter.saveAsTable` will use the
column names to find the correct column positions.
Parameters
----------
name : str
the table name
format : str, optional
the format used to save
mode : str, optional
one of `append`, `overwrite`, `error`, `errorifexists`, `ignore` \
(default: error)
partitionBy : str or list
names of partitioning columns
**options : dict
all other string options
"""
self.mode(mode).options(**options)
if partitionBy is not None:
self.partitionBy(partitionBy)
if format is not None:
self.format(format)
self._jwrite.saveAsTable(name)
[docs] def json(self, path, mode=None, compression=None, dateFormat=None, timestampFormat=None,
lineSep=None, encoding=None, ignoreNullFields=None):
"""Saves the content of the :class:`DataFrame` in JSON format
(`JSON Lines text format or newline-delimited JSON <http://jsonlines.org/>`_) at the
specified path.
.. versionadded:: 1.4.0
Parameters
----------
path : str
the path in any Hadoop supported file system
mode : str, optional
specifies the behavior of the save operation when data already exists.
* ``append``: Append contents of this :class:`DataFrame` to existing data.
* ``overwrite``: Overwrite existing data.
* ``ignore``: Silently ignore this operation if data already exists.
* ``error`` or ``errorifexists`` (default case): Throw an exception if data already \
exists.
Other Parameters
----------------
Extra options
For the extra options, refer to
`Data Source Option <https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-data-sources-json.html#data-source-option>`_
in the version you use.
.. # noqa
Examples
--------
>>> df.write.json(os.path.join(tempfile.mkdtemp(), 'data'))
"""
self.mode(mode)
self._set_opts(
compression=compression, dateFormat=dateFormat, timestampFormat=timestampFormat,
lineSep=lineSep, encoding=encoding, ignoreNullFields=ignoreNullFields)
self._jwrite.json(path)
[docs] def parquet(self, path, mode=None, partitionBy=None, compression=None):
"""Saves the content of the :class:`DataFrame` in Parquet format at the specified path.
.. versionadded:: 1.4.0
Parameters
----------
path : str
the path in any Hadoop supported file system
mode : str, optional
specifies the behavior of the save operation when data already exists.
* ``append``: Append contents of this :class:`DataFrame` to existing data.
* ``overwrite``: Overwrite existing data.
* ``ignore``: Silently ignore this operation if data already exists.
* ``error`` or ``errorifexists`` (default case): Throw an exception if data already \
exists.
partitionBy : str or list, optional
names of partitioning columns
Other Parameters
----------------
Extra options
For the extra options, refer to
`Data Source Option <https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-data-sources-parquet.html#data-source-option>`_
in the version you use.
.. # noqa
Examples
--------
>>> df.write.parquet(os.path.join(tempfile.mkdtemp(), 'data'))
"""
self.mode(mode)
if partitionBy is not None:
self.partitionBy(partitionBy)
self._set_opts(compression=compression)
self._jwrite.parquet(path)
[docs] def text(self, path, compression=None, lineSep=None):
"""Saves the content of the DataFrame in a text file at the specified path.
The text files will be encoded as UTF-8.
.. versionadded:: 1.6.0
Parameters
----------
path : str
the path in any Hadoop supported file system
Other Parameters
----------------
Extra options
For the extra options, refer to
`Data Source Option <https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-data-sources-text.html#data-source-option>`_
in the version you use.
.. # noqa
The DataFrame must have only one column that is of string type.
Each row becomes a new line in the output file.
"""
self._set_opts(compression=compression, lineSep=lineSep)
self._jwrite.text(path)
[docs] def csv(self, path, mode=None, compression=None, sep=None, quote=None, escape=None,
header=None, nullValue=None, escapeQuotes=None, quoteAll=None, dateFormat=None,
timestampFormat=None, ignoreLeadingWhiteSpace=None, ignoreTrailingWhiteSpace=None,
charToEscapeQuoteEscaping=None, encoding=None, emptyValue=None, lineSep=None):
r"""Saves the content of the :class:`DataFrame` in CSV format at the specified path.
.. versionadded:: 2.0.0
Parameters
----------
path : str
the path in any Hadoop supported file system
mode : str, optional
specifies the behavior of the save operation when data already exists.
* ``append``: Append contents of this :class:`DataFrame` to existing data.
* ``overwrite``: Overwrite existing data.
* ``ignore``: Silently ignore this operation if data already exists.
* ``error`` or ``errorifexists`` (default case): Throw an exception if data already \
exists.
Other Parameters
----------------
Extra options
For the extra options, refer to
`Data Source Option <https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-data-sources-csv.html#data-source-option>`_
in the version you use.
.. # noqa
Examples
--------
>>> df.write.csv(os.path.join(tempfile.mkdtemp(), 'data'))
"""
self.mode(mode)
self._set_opts(compression=compression, sep=sep, quote=quote, escape=escape, header=header,
nullValue=nullValue, escapeQuotes=escapeQuotes, quoteAll=quoteAll,
dateFormat=dateFormat, timestampFormat=timestampFormat,
ignoreLeadingWhiteSpace=ignoreLeadingWhiteSpace,
ignoreTrailingWhiteSpace=ignoreTrailingWhiteSpace,
charToEscapeQuoteEscaping=charToEscapeQuoteEscaping,
encoding=encoding, emptyValue=emptyValue, lineSep=lineSep)
self._jwrite.csv(path)
[docs] def orc(self, path, mode=None, partitionBy=None, compression=None):
"""Saves the content of the :class:`DataFrame` in ORC format at the specified path.
.. versionadded:: 1.5.0
Parameters
----------
path : str
the path in any Hadoop supported file system
mode : str, optional
specifies the behavior of the save operation when data already exists.
* ``append``: Append contents of this :class:`DataFrame` to existing data.
* ``overwrite``: Overwrite existing data.
* ``ignore``: Silently ignore this operation if data already exists.
* ``error`` or ``errorifexists`` (default case): Throw an exception if data already \
exists.
partitionBy : str or list, optional
names of partitioning columns
Other Parameters
----------------
Extra options
For the extra options, refer to
`Data Source Option <https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-data-sources-orc.html#data-source-option>`_
in the version you use.
.. # noqa
Examples
--------
>>> orc_df = spark.read.orc('python/test_support/sql/orc_partitioned')
>>> orc_df.write.orc(os.path.join(tempfile.mkdtemp(), 'data'))
"""
self.mode(mode)
if partitionBy is not None:
self.partitionBy(partitionBy)
self._set_opts(compression=compression)
self._jwrite.orc(path)
[docs] def jdbc(self, url, table, mode=None, properties=None):
"""Saves the content of the :class:`DataFrame` to an external database table via JDBC.
.. versionadded:: 1.4.0
Parameters
----------
table : str
Name of the table in the external database.
mode : str, optional
specifies the behavior of the save operation when data already exists.
* ``append``: Append contents of this :class:`DataFrame` to existing data.
* ``overwrite``: Overwrite existing data.
* ``ignore``: Silently ignore this operation if data already exists.
* ``error`` or ``errorifexists`` (default case): Throw an exception if data already \
exists.
properties : dict
a dictionary of JDBC database connection arguments. Normally at
least properties "user" and "password" with their corresponding values.
For example { 'user' : 'SYSTEM', 'password' : 'mypassword' }
Other Parameters
----------------
Extra options
For the extra options, refer to
`Data Source Option <https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-data-sources-jdbc.html#data-source-option>`_
in the version you use.
.. # noqa
Notes
-----
Don't create too many partitions in parallel on a large cluster;
otherwise Spark might crash your external database systems.
"""
if properties is None:
properties = dict()
jprop = JavaClass("java.util.Properties", self._spark._sc._gateway._gateway_client)()
for k in properties:
jprop.setProperty(k, properties[k])
self.mode(mode)._jwrite.jdbc(url, table, jprop)
class DataFrameWriterV2(object):
"""
Interface used to write a class:`pyspark.sql.dataframe.DataFrame`
to external storage using the v2 API.
.. versionadded:: 3.1.0
"""
def __init__(self, df, table):
self._df = df
self._spark = df.sql_ctx
self._jwriter = df._jdf.writeTo(table)
@since(3.1)
def using(self, provider):
"""
Specifies a provider for the underlying output data source.
Spark's default catalog supports "parquet", "json", etc.
"""
self._jwriter.using(provider)
return self
@since(3.1)
def option(self, key, value):
"""
Add a write option.
"""
self._jwriter.option(key, to_str(value))
return self
@since(3.1)
def options(self, **options):
"""
Add write options.
"""
options = {k: to_str(v) for k, v in options.items()}
self._jwriter.options(options)
return self
@since(3.1)
def tableProperty(self, property, value):
"""
Add table property.
"""
self._jwriter.tableProperty(property, value)
return self
@since(3.1)
def partitionedBy(self, col, *cols):
"""
Partition the output table created by `create`, `createOrReplace`, or `replace` using
the given columns or transforms.
When specified, the table data will be stored by these values for efficient reads.
For example, when a table is partitioned by day, it may be stored
in a directory layout like:
* `table/day=2019-06-01/`
* `table/day=2019-06-02/`
Partitioning is one of the most widely used techniques to optimize physical data layout.
It provides a coarse-grained index for skipping unnecessary data reads when queries have
predicates on the partitioned columns. In order for partitioning to work well, the number
of distinct values in each column should typically be less than tens of thousands.
`col` and `cols` support only the following functions:
* :py:func:`pyspark.sql.functions.years`
* :py:func:`pyspark.sql.functions.months`
* :py:func:`pyspark.sql.functions.days`
* :py:func:`pyspark.sql.functions.hours`
* :py:func:`pyspark.sql.functions.bucket`
"""
col = _to_java_column(col)
cols = _to_seq(self._spark._sc, [_to_java_column(c) for c in cols])
self._jwriter.partitionedBy(col, cols)
return self
@since(3.1)
def create(self):
"""
Create a new table from the contents of the data frame.
The new table's schema, partition layout, properties, and other configuration will be
based on the configuration set on this writer.
"""
self._jwriter.create()
@since(3.1)
def replace(self):
"""
Replace an existing table with the contents of the data frame.
The existing table's schema, partition layout, properties, and other configuration will be
replaced with the contents of the data frame and the configuration set on this writer.
"""
self._jwriter.replace()
@since(3.1)
def createOrReplace(self):
"""
Create a new table or replace an existing table with the contents of the data frame.
The output table's schema, partition layout, properties,
and other configuration will be based on the contents of the data frame
and the configuration set on this writer.
If the table exists, its configuration and data will be replaced.
"""
self._jwriter.createOrReplace()
@since(3.1)
def append(self):
"""
Append the contents of the data frame to the output table.
"""
self._jwriter.append()
@since(3.1)
def overwrite(self, condition):
"""
Overwrite rows matching the given filter condition with the contents of the data frame in
the output table.
"""
self._jwriter.overwrite(condition)
@since(3.1)
def overwritePartitions(self):
"""
Overwrite all partition for which the data frame contains at least one row with the contents
of the data frame in the output table.
This operation is equivalent to Hive's `INSERT OVERWRITE ... PARTITION`, which replaces
partitions dynamically depending on the contents of the data frame.
"""
self._jwriter.overwritePartitions()
def _test():
import doctest
import os
import tempfile
import py4j
from pyspark.context import SparkContext
from pyspark.sql import SparkSession
import pyspark.sql.readwriter
os.chdir(os.environ["SPARK_HOME"])
globs = pyspark.sql.readwriter.__dict__.copy()
sc = SparkContext('local[4]', 'PythonTest')
try:
spark = SparkSession.builder.getOrCreate()
except py4j.protocol.Py4JError:
spark = SparkSession(sc)
globs['tempfile'] = tempfile
globs['os'] = os
globs['sc'] = sc
globs['spark'] = spark
globs['df'] = spark.read.parquet('python/test_support/sql/parquet_partitioned')
(failure_count, test_count) = doctest.testmod(
pyspark.sql.readwriter, globs=globs,
optionflags=doctest.ELLIPSIS | doctest.NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE | doctest.REPORT_NDIFF)
sc.stop()
if failure_count:
sys.exit(-1)
if __name__ == "__main__":
_test()