/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.commons.collections4;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * Defines a map that holds a collection of values against each key.
 * <p>
 * A {@code MultiValuedMap} is a Map with slightly different semantics:
 * </p>
 * <ul>
 * <li>Putting a value into the map will add the value to a {@link Collection} at that key.</li>
 * <li>Getting a value will return a {@link Collection}, holding all the values put to that key.</li>
 * </ul>
 * <p>
 * For example:
 * </p>
 *
 * <pre>{@code
 * MultiValuedMap<Integer, String> map = new ArrayListValuedHashMap<>();
 * map.put(1, "A");
 * map.put(1, "B");
 * map.put(1, "C");
 * Collection<String> coll = map.get(1);
 * }</pre>
 * <p>
 * {@code coll} will be a collection containing "A", "B", "C".
 * </p>
 *
 * @param <K> The type of the keys in this map
 * @param <V> The type of the values in this map
 * @since 4.1
 */
public interface MultiValuedMap<K, V> {
    // Query operations

    /**
     * Returns a view of this multivalued map as a {@code Map} from each distinct key to the non-empty collection of that key's associated values.
     * <p>
     * Note that {@code this.asMap().get(k)} is equivalent to {@code this.get(k)} only when {@code k} is a key contained in the multivalued map; otherwise it
     * returns {@code null} as opposed to an empty collection.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * Changes to the returned map or the collections that serve as its values will update the underlying multivalued map, and vice versa. The map does not
     * support {@code put} or {@code putAll}, nor do its entries support {@link java.util.Map.Entry#setValue(Object) setValue}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return A map view of the mappings in this multivalued map.
     */
    Map<K, Collection<V>> asMap();

    /**
     * Removes all of the mappings from this map (optional operation).
     * <p>
     * The map will be empty after this call returns.
     * </p>
     *
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the map is unmodifiable.
     */
    void clear();

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if this map contains a mapping for the specified key. More formally, returns {@code true} if and only if this map contains a mapping
     * for a key {@code k} such that {@code (key==null ? k==null : key.equals(k))}. (There can be at most one such mapping.)
     *
     * @param key key whose presence in this map is to be tested.
     * @return true if this map contains a mapping for the specified key.
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null and this map does not permit null keys (optional).
     */
    boolean containsKey(Object key);

    /**
     * Checks whether the map contains a mapping for the specified key and value.
     *
     * @param key   The key to search for.
     * @param value The value to search for.
     * @return true if the map contains the value.
     */
    boolean containsMapping(Object key, Object value);

    /**
     * Checks whether the map contains at least one mapping for the specified value.
     *
     * @param value The value to search for.
     * @return true if the map contains the value.
     * @throws NullPointerException if the value is null and null values are not supported by the used collection types (optional).
     */
    boolean containsValue(Object value);

    /**
     * Returns a {@link Collection} view of the mappings contained in this multivalued map.
     * <p>
     * The collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected in the collection, and vice-versa.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return A set view of the mappings contained in this map.
     */
    Collection<Entry<K, V>> entries();
    // Modification operations

    /**
     * Gets a view collection of the values associated with the specified key.
     * <p>
     * This method will return an <strong>empty</strong> collection if {@link #containsKey(Object)} returns {@code false}. Changes to the returned collection
     * will update the underlying {@code MultiValuedMap} and vice-versa.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param key The key to retrieve.
     * @return The {@code Collection} of values, implementations should return an empty collection for no mapping.
     * @throws NullPointerException if the key is null and null keys are invalid (optional).
     */
    Collection<V> get(K key);

    /**
     * Always throws {@link UnsupportedOperationException}.
     *
     * @return Always throws {@link UnsupportedOperationException}.
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException Always thrown.
     * @since 4.6.0
     */
    default MultiValuedMap<V, K> inverted() {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(getClass() + ".inverted()");
    }

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if this map contains no key-value mappings.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if this map contains no key-value mappings.
     */
    boolean isEmpty();

    /**
     * Returns a {@link MultiSet} view of the keys contained in this multivalued map.
     * <p>
     * The {@link MultiSet#getCount(Object)} method of the returned multiset will give the same result a calling {@code get(Object).size()} for the same key.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * This multiset is backed by the map, so any changes in the map are reflected in the multiset.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return A multiset view of the keys contained in this map.
     */
    MultiSet<K> keys();

    /**
     * Returns a {@link Set} view of the keys contained in this multivalued map.
     * <p>
     * The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected in the set, and vice-versa.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * If the map is modified while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through the iterator's own {@code remove} operation), the result of the
     * iteration is undefined. The set supports element removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the {@code Iterator.remove},
     * {@code Set.remove}, {@code removeAll}, {@code retainAll}, and {@code clear} operations. It does not support the {@code add} or {@code addAll} operations.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return A set view of the keys contained in this map.
     */
    Set<K> keySet();

    /**
     * Obtains a {@code MapIterator} over this multivalued map.
     * <p>
     * A map iterator is an efficient way of iterating over maps. There is no need to access the entries collection or use {@code Map.Entry} objects.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return A map iterator.
     */
    MapIterator<K, V> mapIterator();

    /**
     * Adds a key-value mapping to this multivalued map.
     * <p>
     * Unlike a normal {@code Map} the previous value is not replaced. Instead, the new value is added to the collection stored against the key. Depending on
     * the collection type used, duplicate key-value mappings may be allowed.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * The method will return {@code true} if the size of the multivalued map has been increased because of this operation.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param key   The key to store against.
     * @param value The value to add to the collection at the key.
     * @return true if the map changed as a result of this put operation, or false if the map already contained the key-value mapping and the collection type
     *         does not allow duplicate values, for example when using a Set.
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the put operation is not supported by this multivalued map, for example if it is unmodifiable.
     * @throws NullPointerException          if the key or value is null and null is invalid (optional).
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException      if some aspect of the specified key or value prevents it from being stored in this multivalued map.
     */
    boolean put(K key, V value);

    /**
     * Adds a mapping to the specified key for all values contained in the given Iterable.
     *
     * @param key    The key to store against.
     * @param values The values to add to the collection at the key, may not be null.
     * @return true if the map changed as a result of this operation.
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified iterable is null, or if this map does not permit null keys or values, and the specified key or values
     *                              contain null (optional).
     */
    boolean putAll(K key, Iterable<? extends V> values);

    /**
     * Copies all mappings from the specified map to this multivalued map (optional operation).
     * <p>
     * The effect of this call is equivalent to that of calling {@link #put(Object,Object) put(k, v)} on this map once for each mapping from key {@code k} to
     * value {@code v} in the specified map.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * The behavior of this operation is undefined if the specified map is modified while the operation is in progress.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param map mappings to be stored in this map, may not be null.
     * @return true if the map changed as a result of this operation.
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code putAll} operation is not supported by this map.
     * @throws NullPointerException          if the specified map is null, or if this map does not permit null keys or values, and the specified map contains
     *                                       null keys or values (optional).
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException      if some property of a key or value in the specified map prevents it from being stored in this map.
     */
    boolean putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> map);

    /**
     * Copies all mappings from the specified map to this multivalued map (optional operation).
     * <p>
     * The effect of this call is equivalent to that of calling {@link #put(Object,Object) put(k, v)} on this map once for each mapping from key {@code k} to
     * value {@code v} in the specified map.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * The behavior of this operation is undefined if the specified map is modified while the operation is in progress.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param map mappings to be stored in this map, may not be null.
     * @return true if the map changed as a result of this operation.
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code putAll} operation is not supported by this map.
     * @throws NullPointerException          if the specified map is null, or if this map does not permit null keys or values, and the specified map contains
     *                                       null keys or values (optional).
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException      if some property of a key or value in the specified map prevents it from being stored in this map.
     */
    boolean putAll(MultiValuedMap<? extends K, ? extends V> map);

    /**
     * Removes all values associated with the specified key.
     * <p>
     * The returned collection <em>may</em> be modifiable, but updates will not be propagated to this multivalued map. In case no mapping was stored for the
     * specified key, an empty, unmodifiable collection will be returned.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param key The key to remove values from.
     * @return The values that were removed.
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the map is unmodifiable.
     * @throws NullPointerException          if the key is null and null keys are invalid (optional).
     */
    Collection<V> remove(Object key);

    /**
     * Removes a key-value mapping from the map.
     * <p>
     * The item is removed from the collection mapped to the specified key. Other values attached to that key are unaffected.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * If the last value for a key is removed, implementations typically return an empty collection from a subsequent {@code get(Object)}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param key  The key to remove from.
     * @param item The item to remove.
     * @return true if the mapping was removed, false otherwise.
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the map is unmodifiable.
     * @throws NullPointerException          if the key or value is null and null is invalid (optional).
     */
    boolean removeMapping(Object key, Object item);

    /**
     * Gets the total size of the map.
     * <p>
     * Implementations would return the total size of the map which is the count of the values from all keys.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return The total size of the map.
     */
    int size();

    /**
     * Gets a {@link Collection} view of all values contained in this multivalued map.
     * <p>
     * Implementations typically return a collection containing the combination of values from all keys.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return A collection view of the values contained in this multivalued map.
     */
    Collection<V> values();
}